{"id":3477,"date":"2025-04-17T21:15:07","date_gmt":"2025-04-17T18:15:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cresh.ul.edu.lb\/?page_id=3477"},"modified":"2025-09-19T22:43:58","modified_gmt":"2025-09-19T19:43:58","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%b9%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%84-2025-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cresh.ul.edu.lb\/?page_id=3477","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u2013 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<style><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><br \/>@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {<br \/>.rubricsjournal:before {width: 0px !important;}<br \/>.rubricsjournal:after {width: 0px !important; }<br \/>.rubricsjournal{border-bottom: 3px solid #f9dd94;border-top: 3px solid #f9dd94;}<br \/>}<br \/>.entry-content{padding: 0px;border: 0px;}<br \/>     .rubricsjournal{<br \/>        font-family: sans-serif;<br \/>        margin: 40px auto;<br \/>        color:hsl(60,40%,30%);<br \/>        text-align: center;<br \/>        font-size: 30px;<br \/>        max-width: 600px;<br \/>        position: relative;<br \/>font-family: \"Droid Arabic Kufi\", serif;<br \/>      }<br \/>      .rubricsjournal:before {<br \/>        content: \"\";<br \/>        display: block;<br \/>        width: 130px;<br \/>        height: 5px;<br \/>        background: #CD5C5C;<br \/>        left: 0;<br \/>        top: 50%;<br \/>        position: absolute;<br \/>      }<br \/>      .rubricsjournal:after {<br \/>        content: \"\";<br \/>        display: block;<br \/>        width: 130px;<br \/>        height: 5px;<br \/>        background: #CD5C5C;<br \/>        right: 0;<br \/>        top: 50%;<br \/>        position: absolute;<br \/>      }<br \/><\/style>\n<h1 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"font-size: 22px; line-height: 31px; margin: 0 0 1px 0; font-family: 'Droid Arabic Kufi', serif; text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n<div dir=\"rtl\" style=\"color: #fff; font-size: 22px; line-height: 31px; font-family: 'Droid Arabic Kufi', serif; text-align: justify; padding: 2px 15px 2px 15px; border-radius: 3px 3px 0px 0px; background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(125,185,232,1) 0%, rgba(32,124,202,1) 49%, rgba(41,137,216,1) 50%, rgba(30,87,153,1) 100%); filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr=;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u2013 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2025<\/div>\n<div style=\"border: 1px solid #267eca; padding: 0px 10px 10px 10px;\">\n<div class=\"ritole\">\n<p class=\"title\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\">\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 15px; font-size: 12px;\"><a class=\"download\" href=\"https:\/\/cresh.ul.edu.lb\/wp-content\/uploads\/ush\/no18\/cover18.pdf?_t=1744825631\">PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ritole\">\n<p class=\"title\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\">\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 12px;\"><a class=\"download\" href=\"https:\/\/cresh.ul.edu.lb\/wp-content\/uploads\/ush\/no18\/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1.pdf?_t=1744825859\">PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ritole\">\n<p class=\"title\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\">\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 12px;\"><a class=\"download\" href=\"https:\/\/cresh.ul.edu.lb\/wp-content\/uploads\/ush\/no18\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA.pdf?_t=1744890274\">PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ritole\">\n<p class=\"title\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u063a\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 12px;\"><a class=\"download\" href=\"https:\/\/cresh.ul.edu.lb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9%20%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF.pdf?_t=1757093009\">PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"letori\">\n<p class=\"title\">AI in English as a Foreign Language Classrooms: Ally or Adversary? Insights from Academic Professors at the Lebanese University, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 18px;\">Janet Ayoub<\/p>\n<p>page 6-23<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 12px;\"><a class=\"download\" href=\"https:\/\/cresh.ul.edu.lb\/wp-content\/uploads\/ush\/no18\/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA%20%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8.pdf?_t=1744892690\">PDF<\/a><br \/>\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a7f2afdefeb97045685219' value='6a7f2afdefeb97045685219'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a7f2afdefeb97045685219' value='Abstract'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a7f2afdefeb97045685219' value='Abstract'><a id='bg-showmore-action-6a7f2afdefeb97045685219' class='bg-showmore-plg-link bg-arrow '  style=\" color:#6B6B2E;\" href='#'>Abstract<\/a><\/ul><ul class='bg-showmore-no-padding-no-margin' id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a7f2afdefeb97045685219' >\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\">This article studies the perceptions of academic professors at the Lebanese University about the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. The main aim is to discover the benefits, challenges, and ethical concerns surrounding AI use in educational settings. A qualitative methodology was used, utilizing interviews distributed to 35 professors from the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences. The findings reveal a contradiction in perceptions, with 55% of respondents viewing AI as an ally, enhancing personalized learning, engagement, and efficiency, while 45% show concerns over data privacy, ethical implications, and the possible oversimplification of language teaching. The contribution of this study lies in presenting insights into how AI can be commendably integrated into EFL instruction, while also addressing the associated ethical challenges and teacher proficiency requirements.<br \/>\n<label style=\"font-weight: bold\">Keywords: <\/label> AI, English as a Foreign Language, Academic Professors, Lebanese University<\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\"><label style=\"font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0645\u061f \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 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\/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 24-67<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 12px;\"><a class=\"download\" href=\"https:\/\/cresh.ul.edu.lb\/wp-content\/uploads\/ush\/no18\/%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%20%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%20%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF.pdf?_t=1744899131\">PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 12px;\">\u00a0<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a7f2afdf00c06089703212' value='6a7f2afdf00c06089703212'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a7f2afdf00c06089703212' value='\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a7f2afdf00c06089703212' value='\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635'><a id='bg-showmore-action-6a7f2afdf00c06089703212' class='bg-showmore-plg-link bg-arrow '  style=\" color:#6B6B2E;\" href='#'>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/a><\/ul><ul class='bg-showmore-no-padding-no-margin' 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style=\"font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left\">Technological Anxiety Resulting from the Use of Artificial Intelligence and Its Impact on Mental Health (A Field Study Conducted on Psychology Students at the Lebanese University \u2013 Third Branch).<\/label><br \/>\nThe study aimed to identify the technological anxiety resulting from the use of artificial intelligence and its impact on mental health among psychology students at the Lebanese University \u2013 Branch III.<br \/>\nThe study sample consisted of 200 students from the members of the study community, in a random way, and by (49%), the questionnaire was adopted as a tool for collecting data, consisting of two axes: The first axis: technological anxiety includes (6) Dimensions (technology use anxiety, technology complexity anxiety, loss of privacy anxiety, loss of human role anxiety, social anxiety and anxiety from rapid developments at the technology level), and the second axis: mental health includes 6 dimensions (emotional stability, self-awareness, adaptation to technology, anxiety control, social interaction, psychological well-being), the data was processed using the (SPSS) program, and the results showed the following:<br \/>\n-The technological anxiety was high in all its dimensions, as individuals are concerned about the use of technology, its complexity, loss of privacy, loss of human role, social influences, and rapid developments in technology.<br \/>\n-Individuals had high levels of mental health, showing emotional stability, self-awareness, good adaptation to technology, ability to control anxiety, positive social interaction, and an overall sense of psychological well-being.<br \/>\n-Technological anxiety did not have a significant impact on mental health in general, although there was a weak effect of some dimensions.<br \/>\n-Technological anxiety did not clearly affect emotional balance, as individuals showed psychological adaptability.<br \/>\n-Technology-induced social anxiety has not had a significant impact on individuals &#8216; self-awareness.<br \/>\n-There is an impact of technological anxiety on technological adaptation, as some individuals have had difficulty keeping up with technological developments.<br \/>\n<label style=\"font-weight: bold\">Keywords:<\/label> Technological anxiety, Artificial intelligence, Mental health.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul><ul style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0'>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"letori\">\n<p class=\"title\">Impact of SCAMPER on EFL Oral Presentation Skills when Allowing the Use of AI<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 18px;\">Fatemah Bazzi &#8211; Laila Koujan<\/p>\n<p>page 68-84<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 12px;\"><a class=\"download\" href=\"https:\/\/cresh.ul.edu.lb\/wp-content\/uploads\/ush\/no18\/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%85%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%8A%20%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89%20%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86.pdf?_t=1744899366\">PDF<\/a><br \/>\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a7f2afdf02525029531044' value='6a7f2afdf02525029531044'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a7f2afdf02525029531044' value='Abstract'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a7f2afdf02525029531044' value='Abstract'><a id='bg-showmore-action-6a7f2afdf02525029531044' class='bg-showmore-plg-link bg-arrow '  style=\" color:#6B6B2E;\" href='#'>Abstract<\/a><\/ul><ul class='bg-showmore-no-padding-no-margin' id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a7f2afdf02525029531044' >\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\">This research was conducted to explore the impact of applying alternative teaching techniques by Lebanese secondary teachers when allowing their learners to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools for oral presentations. Specifically, it investigated the impact of SCAMPER, an activity-based thinking technique, on improving learners\u2019 oral skills. It involved training teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) to integrate this technique in their classrooms. This was done in an attempt to help EFL learners improve their oral presentation skills by using AI tools, instead of merely copying the whole content from them. A quasi-experimental design was employed in this study by collecting quantitative data from pre-post-test results and five teaching practices of SCAMPER. The sample included one secondary public school in the region of Beirut, and the participants comprised 101 Lebanese first secondary EFL learners, divided into experimental and control groups, and their 4 teachers. The study was conducted over a period of 12 weeks, and the findings proved that the implementation of SCAMPER resulted in a statistical significant improvement in developing the language and cognitive skills needed for EFL oral presentations by using AI resources. The majority of the experimental group learners could successfully substitute the ideas collected with other ones using their own words and could successfully combine other ideas to produce a more advanced presentation content. Hence, this study will offer new teaching techniques that might be beneficial in dealing with the debatable issue regarding the cumulative impact of online resources and AI tools on secondary EFL learners when they perform any academic work.<br \/>\n<label style=\"font-weight: bold\">Keywords: <\/label> SCAMPER, oral presentations, AI tools, EFL learners, oral skills<\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\"><label style=\"font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0645\u061f \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 SCAMPER \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a EFL \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/label><br \/>\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a (AI) \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 SCAMPER\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 (EFL) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u064f\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0640 SCAMPER. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 101 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 SCAMPER \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 12 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><label style=\"font-weight: bold\"> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d:<\/label> SCAMPER\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul><ul style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0'>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ritole\">\n<p class=\"title\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\">\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0631<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 85-107<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 12px;\"><a class=\"download\" href=\"https:\/\/cresh.ul.edu.lb\/wp-content\/uploads\/ush\/no18\/%D9%85%D9%87%D9%89%20%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1.pdf?_t=1744899403\">PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 12px;\">\u00a0<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a7f2afdf03775022301012' value='6a7f2afdf03775022301012'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a7f2afdf03775022301012' value='\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a7f2afdf03775022301012' value='\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635'><a id='bg-showmore-action-6a7f2afdf03775022301012' class='bg-showmore-plg-link bg-arrow '  style=\" color:#6B6B2E;\" href='#'>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/a><\/ul><ul class='bg-showmore-no-padding-no-margin' id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a7f2afdf03775022301012' >\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\">\u0646\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0637\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641.<br \/>\n\u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062f\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0641. \u0648\u0646\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<br \/>\n<label style=\"font-weight: bold\"> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d:<\/label> \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\"><label style=\"font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left\">Scenarios for a renewed children&#8217;s literature via interactive digital narrative<\/label><br \/>\nWe embark on this paper titled Scenarios for Renewed Children&#8217;s Literature through the interactive digital narrative. The premise is that children&#8217;s literature plays an important role in building the character of tomorrow&#8217;s children which must be invested in order to protect our children&#8217;s personal rights and protect them from any threat to their public and mental health that may result from artificial intelligence or other. Through the production of a renewed, attractive and influential child&#8217;s literature, benefiting from the words of psychology, it employs technology and multimedia to compete with the flood of information and videos that break into our lives and our children&#8217;s lives uninterrupted.<br \/>\nThis paper shows the reasons for the renewal of the child&#8217;s literature, based on the characteristics of the recipient. Some aspects emerge at the level of decision, topics and approaches, and narrative methods, making the narrative a reflection of the child&#8217;s true contemporary diaries and extending it through personality models that he or she presents with mature experience in dealing with emerging and thorny situations and issues that he or she can be exposed to, in a false, frightening and frightening time. We conclude the paper by proposing innovative, applied scenarios by the researcher, with appropriate recommendations for research.<br \/>\n<label style=\"font-weight: bold\">Keywords:<\/label> Child literature, interactive story, cultural changes, interactive narrative, interactive writing.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul><ul style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0'>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"letori\">\n<p class=\"title\">Multidimensional Water Knowledge Index (WKI)Assessing Public Understanding of Water Challenges in Lebanon<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 18px;\">Naji Joseph Kehdy<\/p>\n<p>page 108-130<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 12px;\"><a class=\"download\" href=\"https:\/\/cresh.ul.edu.lb\/wp-content\/uploads\/ush\/no18\/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%20%D9%83%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A.pdf?_t=1744899428\">PDF<\/a><br \/>\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a7f2afdf049a3021513782' value='6a7f2afdf049a3021513782'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a7f2afdf049a3021513782' value='Abstract'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a7f2afdf049a3021513782' value='Abstract'><a id='bg-showmore-action-6a7f2afdf049a3021513782' class='bg-showmore-plg-link bg-arrow '  style=\" color:#6B6B2E;\" href='#'>Abstract<\/a><\/ul><ul class='bg-showmore-no-padding-no-margin' id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a7f2afdf049a3021513782' >\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\">his study aims to develop and validate a multidimensional Water Knowledge Index (WKI) to assess public scientific literacy regarding water-related challenges, focusing on Lebanon&#8217;s unique water issues. The WKI evaluates knowledge across seven domains: Basic Water Literacy (BWL), Water Management Knowledge (WMK), Water Pollution and Quality (WPQ), Water Technology Awareness (WTA), Climate Change Impact (CCI), Policy and Legal Knowledge (PLK), and Cultural and Social Impact (CSI). Data were collected through surveys administered to 384 participants across Lebanese governorates. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Factor Analysis were applied to assign domain weights and validate the index.<br \/>\nThe national average WKI score was 5.10, with disparities among governorates. Baalbek-El Hermel scored highest (5.43) due to strong WMK and CSI, while Beqaa scored lowest (4.60) due to deficiencies in WTA and PLK. PCA identified WMK, CSI, and BWL as the most significant contributors to water literacy. Domain-specific trends revealed strengths in WMK and WPQ but significant gaps in WTA and CCI across all regions.<br \/>\nThe WKI provides a comprehensive framework for assessing water knowledge, revealing critical gaps in technology and climate awareness. These findings underscore the need for targeted educational programs and policy interventions to enhance public understanding of water management, particularly in regions like Beqaa. Expanding the WKI application and incorporating behavioral insights could improve its utility in addressing Lebanon&#8217;s water challenges and fostering sustainable practices.<br \/>\n<label style=\"font-weight: bold\">Keywords: <\/label> Water Knowledge Index (WKI), Water Management Knowledge (WMK), Lebanon, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Water Technology Awareness (WTA).<\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\"><label style=\"font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left\">\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f (WKI) \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/label><br \/>\n\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (WKI) \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (WKI) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 (BWL)\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 (WMK)\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0648\u0651\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 (WPQ)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 (WTA)\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e(CCI)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (PLK)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a(CSI). \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 384 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 (PCA) \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631.<br \/>\n\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a 5.10 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a. \u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0643-\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 (5.43) \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 (WMK) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a(CSI)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 (4.60) \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 (WTA) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (PLK)\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 (PCA) \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 (WMK)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629(CSI)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 (BWL) \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 (WMK) \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0651\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 (WPQ) \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 (WTA) \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (CCI) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (WKI) \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e. \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639. \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (WKI) \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><label style=\"font-weight: bold\"> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d:<\/label> \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 (WKI)\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 (WMK)\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 (PCA)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 (WTA).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul><ul style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0'>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"letori\">\n<p class=\"title\">L\u2019impasse des citations perdues et des emprunts \u00ab inutiles \u00bb en traduction<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 18px;\">Hoda Moucannas<\/p>\n<p>page 131-147<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 12px;\"><a class=\"download\" href=\"https:\/\/cresh.ul.edu.lb\/wp-content\/uploads\/ush\/no18\/%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%89%20%20%D9%85%D9%82%D9%86%D8%B5.pdf?_t=1744899443\">PDF<\/a><br \/>\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a7f2afdf05c16018555665' value='6a7f2afdf05c16018555665'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a7f2afdf05c16018555665' value='Abstract'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a7f2afdf05c16018555665' value='Abstract'><a id='bg-showmore-action-6a7f2afdf05c16018555665' class='bg-showmore-plg-link bg-arrow '  style=\" color:#6B6B2E;\" href='#'>Abstract<\/a><\/ul><ul class='bg-showmore-no-padding-no-margin' id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a7f2afdf05c16018555665' >\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\">Ce travail met en \u00e9vidence un dilemme fr\u00e9quemment rencontr\u00e9 par de nombreux traducteurs, et auquel nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s lors de la traduction en arabe de l\u2019\u0153uvre de Hamit Bozarslan, Une Histoire de la violence au Moyen-Orient, de la fin de l\u2019Empire Ottoman \u00e0 Al-Qaida. Ce dilemme se divise en deux volets : d\u2019une part, la r\u00e9tro-traduction, ou la traduction en arabe de citations originellement en arabe ; d\u2019autre part, l\u2019usage par l\u2019auteur de termes arabes pour exprimer des notions ou concepts sp\u00e9cifiques. Concernant le premier probl\u00e8me, il convient de r\u00e9pondre aux questions suivantes : \u00e9tait-il pertinent de traduire les citations telles quelles, sans prendre en compte l\u2019original, d\u2019autant que cela s\u2019est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 parfois irr\u00e9alisable ? Et si l\u2019option retenue est celle de poursuivre la traduction, comment sortir de l\u2019impasse et comment le traducteur peut-il l\u00e9gitimer ce choix, tant vis-\u00e0-vis de lui-m\u00eame que du lecteur ? Le second probl\u00e8me soul\u00e8ve quant \u00e0 lui la question suivante :<br \/>\npourquoi Bozarslan a-t-il opt\u00e9 pour l\u2019emprunt ou le x\u00e9nisme, plut\u00f4t que de traduire ou de cr\u00e9er des n\u00e9ologismes ?<br \/>\nLes r\u00e9ponses aux interrogations soulev\u00e9es par ces deux impasses, celle de la traduction et celle de l\u2019\u00e9criture-traduction, peuvent \u00eatre abord\u00e9es dans le cadre des deux probl\u00e9matiques susmentionn\u00e9es: l\u2019\u00e9thique de la traduction et la repr\u00e9sentation du monde dans les cultures source et cible.<br \/>\n<label style=\"font-weight: bold\">Mots-cl\u00e9s: <\/label> impasse, \u00e9thique, traduction, r\u00e9tro-traduction, emprunt, x\u00e9nisme .<\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\"><label style=\"font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left\">\u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"letori\">\n<p class=\"title\">Intelligence Spirituelle et R\u00e9habilitation: Etude au centre de R\u00e9habilitation pour toxicod\u00e9pendants au Liban<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 18px;\">B\u00e9chir Aouad- Edgard El Haiby <\/p>\n<p>page 148-169<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 12px;\"><a class=\"download\" href=\"https:\/\/cresh.ul.edu.lb\/wp-content\/uploads\/ush\/no18\/%D8%A8%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1%20%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF.pdf?_t=1744901174\">PDF<\/a><br \/>\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a7f2afdf06e57085090331' value='6a7f2afdf06e57085090331'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a7f2afdf06e57085090331' value='Abstract'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a7f2afdf06e57085090331' value='Abstract'><a id='bg-showmore-action-6a7f2afdf06e57085090331' class='bg-showmore-plg-link bg-arrow '  style=\" color:#6B6B2E;\" href='#'>Abstract<\/a><\/ul><ul class='bg-showmore-no-padding-no-margin' id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a7f2afdf06e57085090331' >\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\">\nL&#8217;article examine l&#8217;importance de l\u2019intelligence spirituelle dans le processus de r\u00e9tablissement des toxicomanes au sein des communaut\u00e9s th\u00e9rapeutiques au Liban, en se concentrant sp\u00e9cifiquement sur le centre de r\u00e9habilitation pour hommes &#8220;Oum el Nour&#8221;. Il explore les corr\u00e9lations entre divers facteurs d\u00e9mographiques et spirituels, tels que l&#8217;\u00e2ge, la dur\u00e9e de s\u00e9jour au centre, l&#8217;adoption de croyances spirituelles et le sens per\u00e7u de la vie, afin de mieux comprendre leur impact sur le bien-\u00eatre g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des patients et leur succ\u00e8s dans le r\u00e9tablissement.<br \/>\nLes principaux objectifs de l&#8217;\u00e9tude sont d&#8217;explorer la distinction entre spiritualit\u00e9 et religion chez les toxicomanes, l&#8217;importance du soutien spirituel dans la r\u00e9adaptation, les corr\u00e9lations entre les phases de r\u00e9adaptation et l&#8217;intelligence spirituelle, ainsi que l&#8217;impact de la consommation de substances sur l&#8217;assimilation des exp\u00e9riences spirituelles.<br \/>\nL&#8217;\u00e9chantillon de l&#8217;\u00e9tude est compos\u00e9 de r\u00e9sidents du centre Oum el Nour, qui offre des programmes de r\u00e9habilitation gratuits et sans discrimination. L&#8217;\u00e9tude utilise l&#8217;outil WHOQOL SRPB de l&#8217;Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9 pour \u00e9valuer la spiritualit\u00e9, la religiosit\u00e9 et les croyances personnelles des r\u00e9sidents.<br \/>\nLes r\u00e9sultats montrent une forte corr\u00e9lation entre les niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s de croyances spirituelles et une appr\u00e9ciation accrue de la vie, sugg\u00e9rant que la spiritualit\u00e9 contribue positivement au contentement et \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9panouissement des r\u00e9sidents. De plus, une corr\u00e9lation positive significative est observ\u00e9e entre la dur\u00e9e du s\u00e9jour au centre et le sens per\u00e7u de la vie, ainsi qu&#8217;entre la dur\u00e9e du s\u00e9jour et l&#8217;adoption de croyances spirituelles. Ces r\u00e9sultats indiquent que le parcours de r\u00e9adaptation au centre favorise un d\u00e9veloppement spirituel et un sentiment de sens dans la vie des r\u00e9sidents.<br \/>\nEn conclusion, l&#8217;\u00e9tude souligne l&#8217;importance d&#8217;int\u00e9grer des composantes spirituelles dans les programmes de r\u00e9habilitation pour am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 des soins et favoriser un r\u00e9tablissement durable dans le contexte culturel sp\u00e9cifique du Liban.<\/p>\n<p><label style=\"font-weight: bold\">Keywords:<\/label> Intelligence spirituelle, Toxicod\u00e9pendance, Addiction, Communaut\u00e9 th\u00e9rapeutique, Besoins spirituels.\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\"><label style=\"font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left\"> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 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0;\n    }\n.line {\n        width: 50%; \/* Adjust line width for smaller screens *\/\n        margin: 0;<\/p>\n<p>    }\n.text {\n        font-size: 10px; \/* Optional: Reduce font size for smaller screens *\/\n         line-height: 1; \/* Adjust the space between the text and the lines *\/\n        margin: 0; \/* Adjust the space between the text and the lines *\/<\/p>\n<p>    }\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"responsive-container\">\n    <span class=\"line\"><\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"text\" style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; color: hsl(60, 40%, 30%); white-space: nowrap;\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ritole\">\n<p class=\"title\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0627.<br \/>\n<label style=\"font-weight: bold\"> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d:<\/label> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627.\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\"><label style=\"font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left\">Summary of the book \u201cSmart Cities in the Arab World and Their Economic and Social Impacts <\/label><br \/>\nThe book &#8220;Smart Cities in the Arab World and Their Economic and Social Impacts,&#8221; authored by Dr. Nidal Abu Zaki, was published in 2023 by Dar Al-Arabia for Science Publishers. It is 200 pages long and consists of an introduction, a preface, and seven chapters. We will present a review of this book.<br \/>\nThe book sheds light on smart cities in the Arab world and our need for them in the future, given the population density they are witnessing. To achieve this goal, Abu Zaki relied on two methods: statistical and descriptive analytical. He conducted, analyzed, and presented numerical statistics, starting from the history of cities and their classifications, arriving at smart cities, the most prominent of them, and the most important things they offer for the sake of human comfort and happiness.<br \/>\nThe author presented a summary of his personal experience with the digital economy and smart governments. In the introduction, he presented the history of cities and civilizations, their development, and the challenges they face in transforming into smart cities. He expressed his view of the evolution of cities throughout history and their ancient classifications based on area and population, indicating that he is presenting the other side of city classifications by combining them with digitization and technology.<br \/>\nA study of the &#8220;smart city specifications&#8221; and their features that distinguish them from other cities: a technological digital infrastructure, environmental friendliness, and a stimulus for creativity, learning, and happiness.<br \/>\nHe then classified the &#8220;most prominent global models&#8221; of cities transforming into smart cities through adopting policies to establish smart areas and mobilize investors. He also discussed the &#8220;Arab Strategy for Smart Cities,&#8221; presenting the challenges facing most Arab countries in the smart transformation, and their efforts to encourage the construction of smart buildings, provide a smart environment and solutions for the use of water and renewable energy, and rely on the digital economy and smart governance. He also presented the most prominent &#8220;smart Arab cities&#8221; that have achieved near-total smart transformation, outlining their features and future plans. He also addressed the &#8220;Smart Arab Human Project,&#8221; discussing the most important challenges facing smart cities, namely the presence of &#8220;smart citizens&#8221; capable of using and adapting to things intelligently. He also presented ways to transform citizens into smart citizens through planning, governance, citizenship, and resource infrastructure. He addressed the challenges facing smart cities and livelihoods, examining how to address and overcome them through financing, cybersecurity, privacy, and social impacts.<br \/>\nFinally, he presented a future vision &#8220;Towards Sustainable Development,&#8221; presenting a picture of the implications of life in smart cities on three axes: sustainable development, quality of life, and happiness, by highlighting the well-being these cities represent, which modern man seeks at all levels of life and services.<br \/>\n<label style=\"font-weight: bold\">Keywords:<\/label> Intelligence, Development, Governance, Digitization, Technology.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul><ul style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0'>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><center><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 16px; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 2px 10px; box-shadow: 1px 1px 3px #999; -moz-box-shadow: 1px 1px 3px #999; -webkit-box-shadow: 1px 1px 3px #999; color: #b60000; width: 60px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; background-color: #fff; border-radius: 4px; height: 30px;\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#b60000\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 5px;\" width=\"22\" height=\"19\">\n      <path d=\"M1 12s4-8 11-8 11 8 11 8-4 8-11 8-11-8-11-8z\"><\/path>\n      <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"><\/circle>\n    <\/svg><br \/>\n    <span style=\"font-size: 17px; \">736<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/center><\/p>\n ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u2013 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2025 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 PDF \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 PDF \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a PDF \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f PDF AI in English as a Foreign Language Classrooms: Ally or Adversary? Insights from Academic Professors at the Lebanese University, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences Janet Ayoub page [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":80,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3477","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-nojournal"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\r\n<title>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u2013 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2025 - CRESH<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cresh.ul.edu.lb\/?page_id=3477\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u2013 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2025 - CRESH\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u2013 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2025 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 PDF \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 PDF \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a PDF \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f PDF AI in English as a Foreign Language Classrooms: Ally or Adversary? 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