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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629.<br \/>\n<label style=\"font-weight: bold\"> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d:<\/label> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a  <\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\"><label style=\"font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left\">The Scarcity of Saudi Conference Interpreters in Less-Represented Languages: Turkish and Spanish in Light of the Gap between University Training, Professional Accreditation, and the Conference Interpreting Market<\/label><br \/>\nThis study investigated the scarcity of Saudi conference interpreters in less-represented languages, using Turkish and Spanish as a basis for examining the gap between university training, professional accreditation, and the needs of the conference interpreting market in Saudi Arabia. A mixed-methods design was adopted, combining the analysis of relevant academic documents with graduate surveys, faculty perspectives, beneficiary-institution data, and an official response from Saudi Arabia\u2019s Literature, Publishing and Translation Commission concerning professional training and accreditation. The findings showed that the perceived linguistic foundations of both programs were rated more positively than components related to practical interpreting training, booth-based practice, conference simulation, and perceived professional readiness. After adjustment for multiple comparisons, inferential analyses revealed no statistically significant differences between Turkish and Spanish graduates across most of the principal indicators examined, suggesting that a substantial part of the observed gap extended beyond the specific characteristics of either language. Data from beneficiary institutions indicated a genuine need for qualified interpreters in both languages, alongside difficulties in accessing suitable professionals through clearly structured channels. The Commission\u2019s official response further showed that a professional accreditation pathway for interpreting, including conference interpreting, was already in place, but did not currently extend to Turkish or Spanish, while intensive programs delivered during the previous two years had been limited to English. The study concluded that addressing the scarcity requires a more coherent transition from university education to progressive performance-based training, field practice, professional assessment, and broader language coverage within existing accreditation pathways.<br \/>\n<label style=\"font-weight: bold\">Keywords:<\/label> simultaneous interpreting; conference interpreting; less-represented languages; university training; professional accreditation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul><ul style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0'>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ritole\">\n<p class=\"title\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<br \/>\n<label style=\"font-weight: bold\"> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d:<\/label> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u060c  \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c  \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629. <\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\"><label style=\"font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left\">Narrative Language and the Horizon of Expectations in Maha Jorjour\u2019s Short Story The In-Between Woman.<\/label><br \/>\nThis study examines the narrative language of Maha Jarjour through an analytical reading of her short story &#8220;Imra\u2019at al-Mabayn&#8221; (The In-Between Woman), with the aim of exploring the role of language in constructing events and characters, shaping psychological states, directing the narrative course, and generating meaning. The study adopts a linguistic, stylistic, and narratological approach, drawing on Toulmin\u2019s framework to examine the construction of events and the relationships that organize them, while also considering how linguistic choices contribute to shaping the reader\u2019s horizon of expectations.<br \/>\nThe study focuses on a range of prominent linguistic and stylistic features, including the title, derivational repetition, the variation of verbs and tenses, fronting and postponement, the passive voice, expressions of wish, irony, and binary oppositions, in order to explore their functions in constructing the narrative and directing its meanings. The analysis demonstrates that these elements do not operate independently of the movement of events; rather, they interact with it. Shifts in tense, the fronting and postponement of certain elements, the omission of the agent, and the repetition of expressions of wish are all deliberate linguistic choices that foreground states of anticipation, hesitation, and waiting, thereby encouraging the reader to anticipate the possible course of events.<br \/>\nFurthermore, derivational repetition, particularly in roots such as (\u02bf-b-r), (n-\u1e93-r), (gh-y-r), (\u1e25-b-b), and (r-\u1e25-l), reveals semantic connections extending across different stages of the protagonist\u2019s life. These recurring forms create a linguistic network that conveys notions of passing, waiting, change, and loss. The study concludes that language in &#8220;Imra\u2019at al-Mabayn&#8221; does not merely convey the story; it actively participates in its construction and directs its development, while shaping the reader\u2019s horizon of expectations. Thus, the linguistic structure becomes an integral component of the narrative experience and its psychological and human dimensions.<br \/>\n<label style=\"font-weight: bold\">Keywords:<\/label> narrative language, Imra\u2019at al-Mabayn, Maha Jergour, horizon of expectations, Toulmin, derivational repetition, event construction, meaning.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul><ul style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0'>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"letori\">\n<p class=\"title\">Cartographie du champ litt\u00e9raire contemporain \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8re du num\u00e9rique<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 18px;\">Rana Baroud <\/p>\n<p>page 66-87<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 12px;\"><a class=\"download\" href=\"https:\/\/cresh.ul.edu.lb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%20%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF.pdf?_t=1790092834\">PDF<\/a><br \/>\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6ab2eadf2e8149029907563' value='6ab2eadf2e8149029907563'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6ab2eadf2e8149029907563' value='Abstract'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6ab2eadf2e8149029907563' value='Abstract'><a id='bg-showmore-action-6ab2eadf2e8149029907563' class='bg-showmore-plg-link bg-arrow '  style=\" color:#6B6B2E;\" href='#'>Abstract<\/a><\/ul><ul class='bg-showmore-no-padding-no-margin' id='bg-showmore-hidden-6ab2eadf2e8149029907563' >\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\">Cet article propose une cartographie th\u00e9orique des reconfigurations du champ litt\u00e9raire contemporain \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique. Il interroge la mani\u00e8re dont la num\u00e9risation des \u0153uvres, la litt\u00e9rature num\u00e9rique et l\u2019intelligence artificielle g\u00e9n\u00e9rative transforment progressivement les conditions de production, de circulation, de m\u00e9diation, de l\u00e9gitimation et de r\u00e9ception des \u0153uvres. La probl\u00e9matique porte ainsi sur les effets de ces mutations technologiques sur les positions des agents, les rapports de force, les m\u00e9canismes de reconnaissance et la croyance collective dans la valeur litt\u00e9raire. L\u2019objectif est de mettre en relation ces trois dynamiques afin de montrer qu\u2019elles participent d\u2019un m\u00eame processus de recomposition du champ, plut\u00f4t que de constituer des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes ind\u00e9pendants. La d\u00e9marche repose sur une mise en dialogue de la th\u00e9orie du champ de Pierre Bourdieu avec les travaux d\u2019Alain Viala, de Gis\u00e8le Sapiro et de Bruno Latour. Elle s\u2019appuie sur une grille de lecture sociologique articulant la figure de l\u2019auteur, le statut de l\u2019\u0153uvre, les instances de m\u00e9diation, de cons\u00e9cration et de r\u00e9ception, ainsi que la structure du champ. L\u2019analyse met en \u00e9vidence trois principaux points de fracture au sein du champ : l\u2019\u00e9largissement du capital, d\u00e9sormais culturel et \u00e9conomique mais aussi attentionnel et algorithmique ; le d\u00e9doublement des m\u00e9canismes de l\u00e9gitimation qui se construisent \u00e0 la fois \u00e0 partir des instances traditionnelles et des communaut\u00e9s num\u00e9riques ; l\u2019h\u00e9t\u00e9ronomisation croissante du champ sous l\u2019effet des infrastructures et des acteurs techno-\u00e9conomiques qui interviennent dans la diffusion, la visibilit\u00e9 et la production des \u0153uvres. La cartographie propos\u00e9e constitue ainsi un cadre conceptuel susceptible d\u2019orienter de futures recherches empiriques sur ces transformations.<br \/>\n<label style=\"font-weight: bold\">Keywords: <\/label> Sociologie de la litt\u00e9rature, champ litt\u00e9raire, num\u00e9risation, num\u00e9rique, intelligence artificielle g\u00e9n\u00e9rative, reconfigurations, cartographie. <\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\"><label style=\"font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left\">\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a  \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 <\/label><br \/>\n\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c  \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul><ul style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0'>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"responsive-container\">\n    <span class=\"line\"><\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"text\" style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; color: hsl(60, 40%, 30%); white-space: nowrap;\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"letori\">\n<p class=\"title\">A Review of the Impact of Digital Storytelling and Blended Learning on EFL Learners\u2019 Oral Proficiency and Motivation among Middle and Secondary School Students, 2016\u20132026<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 18px;\">Zeinab Hassoun <\/p>\n<p>page 88-128<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 12px;\"><a class=\"download\" href=\"https:\/\/cresh.ul.edu.lb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%20%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%91%D9%88%D9%86.pdf?_t=1790092834\">PDF<\/a><br \/>\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6ab2eadf2e9184098407969' value='6ab2eadf2e9184098407969'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6ab2eadf2e9184098407969' value='Abstract'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6ab2eadf2e9184098407969' value='Abstract'><a id='bg-showmore-action-6ab2eadf2e9184098407969' class='bg-showmore-plg-link bg-arrow '  style=\" color:#6B6B2E;\" href='#'>Abstract<\/a><\/ul><ul class='bg-showmore-no-padding-no-margin' id='bg-showmore-hidden-6ab2eadf2e9184098407969' >\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\">This paper reviews empirical studies on the impact of digital storytelling (DST) on enhancing middle and secondary school students\u2019 oral proficiency and motivation in English as a second\/foreign language as well as it examines the extent to which DST has been investigated within blended learning contexts. This paper also considers Experiential Learning Theory (ELT) as a theoretical framework for implementing DST and improving oral proficiency and motivation. A thematic literature review was conducted of 40 empirical studies published between 2016 and 2026 in middle and high schools. The themes explored the topics of, digital storytelling, blended learning, and experiential learning and their impact on oral proficiency and motivation. The reviewed literature indicates a positive relationship between DST and students\u2019 oral proficiency and motivation. Similarly, blended learning demonstrates effectiveness with respect to improving speaking and motivation when implemented effectively. Therefore, the findings support that when DST is integrated within a well-structured blended learning environment, it significantly contributes to enhancing both oral proficiency and motivation. The findings also suggest that ELT provides a complementary theoretical framework for explaining these effects through involving students with authentic experience, reflection, conceptualization, and active experimentation. Nevertheless, further research should employ larger sample sizes, broaden the geographical contexts, and investigate both oral proficiency and motivation within one study.<br \/>\n<label style=\"font-weight: bold\">Keywords: <\/label> digital storytelling, blended learning, oral proficiency, motivation, experiential learning theory. <\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\"><label style=\"font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left\">\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 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\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646  \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627.<br \/>\n<label style=\"font-weight: bold\"> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d:<\/label> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c  \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629. <\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\"><label style=\"font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left\">Writing to Face Loss: Journaling Grief and the Limit of Healing.<\/label><br \/>\nThis review examines the relationship between loss, mourning, and personal diary writing, with particular attention to how an experience of loss is transformed from an emotional and psychological event into a self-reflective discourse with a literary structure. It is guided by the question of how loss affects identity, memory, and time, as well as by the role that daily writing may play in organizing this experience without denying the reality of absence.<br \/>\nThe review adopts an interdisciplinary approach, drawing on psychological, and literary sources published in French, English, and Arabic. The selected studies are organized around the themes of loss and identity, mourning, diaries, expressive writing, and the literary value of self-writing.<br \/>\nThe findings indicate that loss produces a rupture in identity and in the individual\u2019s relationship to the world. Mourning is shown to be a non-linear process in which grief, guilt, love, anger, and longing may recur and overlap. The review also demonstrates that diary writing transforms intimate experience into language, memory, and textual form. In this way, diaries can contribute to the reorganization of lived experience and to the reconstruction of narrative identity.<br \/>\nThe review concludes that diary writing can be effective in naming pain, enduring it, and reshaping one\u2019s relationship with the deceased. However, it does not erase absence, restore the lost person, or guarantee a definitive recovery. Rather, its value lies in offering the bereaved person a space in which grief can be articulated, remembered, interpreted, and lived with.<br \/>\n<label style=\"font-weight: bold\">Keywords:<\/label> Loss, mourning, journals, Comparative Literature, Therapeutic Writing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul><ul style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0'>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"responsive-container\">\n    <span class=\"line\"><\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"text\" style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; color: hsl(60, 40%, 30%); white-space: nowrap;\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ritole\">\n<p class=\"title\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0631 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\u0628\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.<br \/>\n<label style=\"font-weight: bold\"> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d: <\/label>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\"><label style=\"font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left\">Existential Anxiety in Jamil Jaber\u2019s Novels entitled \u201cAfter the Storm\u201d and \u201cAnxiety\u201d, expressing the Crisis of Modern Man.<\/label><br \/>\nExistentialism stands as one of the most prominent intellectual and philosophical movements to emerge in the 19th century, reaching its peak in the 20th century, particularly in the aftermath of World War II. That era saw an intensification of feelings of anxiety, alienation, and rebellion, alongside a heightened need to question existence and seek meaning. In this frame, literature found a fertile ground for expression in existential philosophy, given its capacity to probe the depths of the human psyche.<br \/>\nThis research traces the manifestations of existential thought in two novels by  Jamil Jaber entitled \u201cAfter the Storm\u201d and \u201cAnxiety\u201d. The study highlights the novel\u2019s ability to encompass the questions and existential dilemmas facing Modern Man, such as freedom, the search for meaning, and alienation, thereby addressing the following central question: How does existential anxiety manifest in \u201cAfter the Storm\u201d and \u201cAnxiety\u201d novels, and how does this anxiety evolve from one novel to the other, revealing the author\u2019s vision of Modern Man and his existential crises?<br \/>\nTo achieve these objectives, the study employs a narrative-structural approach to analyze the internal structure and narrative components of both novels, specifically character building, in order to uncover the mechanisms of meaning production. This approach is complemented by a philosophical-hermeneutic method based on Sartre\u2019s theories, moving beyond structural description to interpret the profound existential significances embedded within the narrative discourse. This integration enabled an analysis of the manifestations of anxiety, freedom, alienation, and absurdity as pivotal existential concepts in the novels \u201cAfter the Storm\u201d and \u201cAnxiety\u201d.<br \/>\nThe study concludes that existentialism is clearly evident in Jamil Jaber\u2019s thought through the presence of core concepts, such as freedom, anxiety, and the search for meaning while highlighting the human struggle against fate and the belief in one\u2019s ability to shape one\u2019s own destiny. The two novels also reflect themes of nothingness and meaninglessness linked to the experience of the Lebanese Civil War and the contemporary humanitarian and social crises it engendered. The study concludes that existential anxiety forms the unifying intellectual axis of the two novels, and that its manifestations witness an evolution from the novel &#8220;After the Storm&#8221; to the novel &#8220;Anxiety,&#8221; revealing the deepening of the writer&#8217;s awareness of the crisis of contemporary Man and his major existential questions.<br \/>\n<label style=\"font-weight: bold\">Keywords:<\/label> Existentialism, Anxiety, Rebellion, Freedom, Meaninglessness, Pessimism.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul><ul style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0'>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"letori\">\n<p class=\"title\">Social Status, Gender, and Caregiving in Virginia Woolf\u2019s Mrs. Dalloway: An Examination of Burden and Expectations<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 18px;\">Elie Matta  &#8211; Emile Whaibeh <\/p>\n<p>page 199-216<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 12px;\"><a class=\"download\" href=\"https:\/\/cresh.ul.edu.lb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%20%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%89%20%D9%88%D8%A5%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%20%D9%88%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%87.pdf?_t=1790092834\">PDF<\/a><br \/>\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6ab2eadf2ec710005173649' value='6ab2eadf2ec710005173649'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6ab2eadf2ec710005173649' value='Abstract'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6ab2eadf2ec710005173649' value='Abstract'><a id='bg-showmore-action-6ab2eadf2ec710005173649' class='bg-showmore-plg-link bg-arrow '  style=\" color:#6B6B2E;\" href='#'>Abstract<\/a><\/ul><ul class='bg-showmore-no-padding-no-margin' id='bg-showmore-hidden-6ab2eadf2ec710005173649' >\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\">Providing informal care for individuals with chronic illness is a major health concern, disproportionately affecting women and leading to significant caregiver burden. While literature often foregrounds illness, the lived experiences of spousal caregivers, particularly the ways in which gender and social class shape their burden, remain underexplored in Woolf scholarship. This paper addresses Virginia Woolf\u2019s observation of illness\u2019s minimal presence in literature by examining the gendered reality of caregiving in her novel, Mrs. Dalloway. Specifically, this study aims to examine how gender and social status modulate the burden of three spousal caregivers in the novel and to reinterpret Septimus\u2019 suicide in light of this burden.<br \/>\nThis study analyzes three spousal dyads: Clarissa and Richard, Evelyn and Hugh, and Lucrezia and Septimus. It integrates literary analysis with concepts of caregiver burden and historical gender roles, investigating how social class and gender modulate the emotional, financial, and physical caregiver burden. The analysis is guided by an adapted version of G\u00e9rain and Zech\u2019s (2019) Informal Caregiving Integrative Model (ICIM).<br \/>\nThis paper argues that Woolf constructs a sliding scale of caregiver burden, arguing that while informal spousal care is taxing, the burden is amplified for women of lower social status. Lucrezia\u2019s situation caring for her traumatized husband contrasts sharply with the materially buffered, though emotionally distant, upper-class dyads. The analysis reveals that working-class women\u2019s vulnerability exacerbates their mental and physical strain.<br \/>\nBy foregrounding spousal caregivers, Woolf\u2019s novel critiques the invisible gendered labor of informal care. This reading positions Mrs. Dalloway as a valuable text for medical humanities scholars examining the social determinants of caregiver well-being.<br \/>\n<label style=\"font-weight: bold\">Keywords: <\/label> Virginia Woolf, Mrs. Dalloway, caregiver burden, gender, social class. <\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 15px 15px;padding: 5px;list-style-type: none\"><label style=\"font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u064a\u00bb (Mrs. Dalloway) \u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0641 (Virginia Woolf)\u060c 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