{"id":1582,"date":"2020-05-31T16:14:02","date_gmt":"2020-05-31T13:14:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cresh.ul.edu.lb\/?p=1582"},"modified":"2025-01-01T16:50:26","modified_gmt":"2025-01-01T13:50:26","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%ab%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%91-%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%b9%d9%8b%d8%a7-%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%85-apa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cresh.ul.edu.lb\/?p=1582","title":{"rendered":"<span=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<span dir = \u201cltr\u201d> APA <\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.entry-content {padding:0;border:0;}\n.entry-content .section{font-size: 22px;font-weight: bold;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-top: 15px;}\n.entry-content .sectiontitle{background: #ddd;margin-top: 15px;padding-right: 4px;}\n.entry-content >div p {line-height: 30px;margin-bottom: 0px;}\n<\/style>\n<h1 dir=rtl style= \"margin-bottom: 0px;text-align:center;margin-top: 0px;font-size: 22px;font-family: 'Droid Arabic Kufi', serif;line-height: 30px;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<span dir = \u201cltr\"> APA <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633<br \/>\n\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<br \/>\n\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 2020<br \/>\n<\/h1>\n<div dir=auto style=\"font-family: 'Droid Arabic Kufi', serif;font-size: 20px;line-height: 30px;text-align: justify;border:1px solid #267eca;padding:0px 10px 10px 10px;\">\n<h4 style=\"font-family: 'Droid Arabic Kufi', serif;font-size: 20px;line-height: 30px;text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u062f. \u0645\u0647\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0631- \u062f. \u062c\u0648\u0632\u0641 \u0644\u0628\u0651\u064f\u0633- \u062f. \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0627<\/h3>\n<h3 class=ri style=\"font-family: 'Droid Arabic Kufi', serif;font-size: 20px;line-height: 30px;text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0626\u0629 <\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 2019\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u064e\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0642\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u064e\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0640<span dir=ltr>APA  <\/span>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646.<br \/>\n\u062a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0651 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0651 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f&#8230; \u0641\u062a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u064e\u0628 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0651 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u064e\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<div class=\"section\">\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646<\/div>\n<div class=\"sectiontitle\">&#8211; \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:<\/div>\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0633\u064e\u064a\u0646: \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 (\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u064e\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b).  <\/p>\n<div class=\"sectiontitle\">-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651:<\/div>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<br \/>\n\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 40 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"listarabicdash\">\n<li>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c 2001\u060c \u063520)<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 (\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c 2001\u060c \u063520-30)<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 (\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c 2001\u060c \u063530\u060c 32\u060c 35)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"sectiontitle\">\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064f\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629:<\/div>\n<ul class=\"listarabicdash\">\n<li>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\/ \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0626\u0630\u064d \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0633\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0635.<br \/>\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: (\u0635 15)<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\/ \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0626\u0630 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0635 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629)<br \/>\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: (\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 1980\u060c \u063515).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"sectiontitle\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: <\/div>\n<p> \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 (2001) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 &#8220;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8221; (\u063520) \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sectiontitle\">\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 40 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629:<\/div>\n<ol class=\"listarabichindi\">\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646. <\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u064f\u062d\u0630\u064e\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u064e\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f). <\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633.     <\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0636\u064e\u0639 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646 (2001) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;. (\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 5).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"sectiontitle\">-\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0642\u064e\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0643\u0648\u0641\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 [ ].<\/div>\n<div class=\"sectiontitle\"> -\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627:<\/div>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641: \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<b> \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0651\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 <\/b>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629 (\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u060c 1945).  <\/p>\n<div class=\"sectiontitle\">\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0627:\u200c<\/div>\n<ol class=\"listarabichindi\">\n<li>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064e\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u064e\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651.<\/li>\n<li>\u200c\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u064e\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u064e\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u064e\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0640 (\u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u200c\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0637\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0637\u0628\u060c 2000\u061b \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 1998).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"sectiontitle\">\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u064e\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/div>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 1965)\u061b \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0628: (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c 1569\/ 1965).<\/p>\n<div class=\"sectiontitle\">-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629):<\/div>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0648\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u064e\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644.<br \/>\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u062a \u0641\u0631\u062c (\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u060c 15 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 2000) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 &#8230;. <\/p>\n<div class=\"sectiontitle\"> -\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: <\/div>\n<p>(\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629) \u2013 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0633: (\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644: \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629).<br \/>\n   \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0641\u0631: 11-13) &#8211; (\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0649\u060c 26: 51-52)<\/p>\n<div class=\"section\"> \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0640<span dir=\"ltr\"> APA<\/span><\/div>\n<p><b>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol class=\"listarabichindi\" style=\"margin-right: 30px;\">\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0631\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u064f\u0648\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (URL)  \u0623\u0648 (DOI)   Digital Object Identifier<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0636\u064e\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a (\u0635\u060c \u0623\u0648<span dir=ltr> p <\/span>) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u064e\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647)\u061b \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u064e\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0641 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06358\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 7).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol class=\"listarabichindi\">\n<li><b> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0646\u0629:<\/b><br \/>\n\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0631\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0648\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647.\n<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628:<\/b><br \/>\n\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 (\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0651 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 (\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629). \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<br \/>\n\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"listarabicdash\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a (2008). \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629 (\u06371). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631. <\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0632\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0644\u0627 \u062a.). \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631: \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u06373). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651.<br \/>\n\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640 (1992). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 (\u0644\u0627 \u0637.). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2008). \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f (\u06371)\u060c \u062c 2. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 (1993). \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 (\u06374). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a (2019). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 (\u06372). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 (2012). \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0631 (\u06378). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 (2004). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 (\u06374)\u060c \u062c1. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 (1975). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (\u06371)\u060c 9 \u0645\u062c. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li dir=ltr>Enlart, C. (1932). Manuel d\u2019arch\u00e9ologie fran\u00e7aise: Architecture civile et militaire. Paris: Picard.<\/li>\n<li dir=ltr>Adam, J. M. (1996). Le r\u00e9cit. Paris: PUF.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/b><br \/>\n\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 (\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0651 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 (\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629)\u060c \u062a\u0631. \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645. \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651).<br \/>\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"listarabicdash\">\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 (1991). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651: \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651 (\u06371)\u060c \u062a\u0631. \u0639\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 (\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651 1985).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/b><br \/>\n\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 (\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0651 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636. (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641&#8230;). \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"listarabicdash\">\n<li>\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0649 (2006). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629. (\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623.\u062f. \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0628). \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li dir=ltr>Chaaya, A. (2010). Le dispositif d\u00e9fensif du comt\u00e9 de Tripoli \u2013 Liban. 2 vols. (Th\u00e8se de doctorat sous la direction du Prof. Nicolas Reveyron). Universit\u00e9 Lumi\u00e8re \u2013Lyon 2, France.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629: <\/b><br \/>\n\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629). &#8220;\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644&#8221;. \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0651 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 (\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"listarabicdash\">\n<li>\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 (2013). &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0651\u0646&#8221;. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 (11)\u060c 10-12.<\/li>\n<li dir=ltr>Chaaya, A. (2016). &#8220;The Qadisha Valley, Lebanon&#8221;. Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies, 4 (2\u20133), 121-147.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629: <\/b><br \/>\n\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629). &#8220;\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644&#8221;. \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0651 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 (\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0630\u0627:<br \/>\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: <\/p>\n<ul class=\"listarabicdash\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 (\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 2020). &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631&#8221;. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 (3)\u060c 3-26. \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a (14 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 2020 -8:30 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u064b) \u0645\u0646: https:\/\/cresh.ul.edu.lb\/?page_id=80 <\/li>\n<li dir=ltr>Monson, C. M., Fredman, S. J., &#038; Adair, K. C. (2008, March). &#8220;Cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: Application to operation enduring and Iraqi freedom veterans&#8221;. Journal of Clinical Psychology, (64), 958-971. doi:10.1002\/jclp.20511<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639:<\/b><br \/>\n\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 (\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631). \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 [\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629]. \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646: (URL)  \u0623\u0648 (DOI)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0631\u064a (2011). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 [\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629]. \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646: https:\/\/www.qnl.qa\/en\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.\n<\/li>\n<li><b>\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a:<\/b><br \/>\n\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629). \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0651 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0651 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646: \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 (URL)  \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 (DOI)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<br \/>\n\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 (\u062a\u0645\u0651\u0648\u0632 2005). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 (15 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2019 &#8211; 10 \u0642. \u0638.) \u0645\u0646: http:\/\/www.nashiri.net\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"listarabicdash\">\n<li dir=ltr>Cain, Kevin (2012, June 29 \u2013 17: 20). The Negative effects of Facebook on communication: Social Media Today RSS. Retrieved from http:\/\/socialmediatoday.com, Social Media Today.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645:<\/b>\n<ul class=\"listarabicdash\">\n<li><b>\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0628:<\/b><br \/>\n\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647. (\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629).  \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0651 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 ]\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648[. \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u064a (URL)  \u0623\u0648 (DOI).<br \/>\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p dir=ltr>Scribbr. (2019, November 26). APA manual 6th edition: 17 most notable changes [Video]. YouTube. https:\/\/youtu.be\/zeSIXD6y3WQ<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644:<\/b><br \/>\n\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647. \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647. (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629). [\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648]. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648.<br \/>\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<br \/>\n \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646. (1988). 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